Old-Kakiemon Dish with Design of Peony and Phoenix（Edo Period）

Order

Product Code

230917-1

Period

Edo Period
Late 17th century

Weight

514g

Diameter

24.6cm

Height

4.2cm

Bottom Diameter

16.2cm

Description

Paulonia Box
Acrylic Dish Stand

Condition

Excellent Condition

It meets the requirements of sophisticated and rigorous modeling, beautiful blue and white, excellent condition and first class work.

Photo Gallery

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Video

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The traditional composition of kakiemon, which makes use of the blank space, continues to captivate people’s hearts even after approximately 350 years. It is said that the phoenix appears as a sign of the birth of a holy child, and is an auspicious design known as a symbol of marital harmony. The phoenix design is also respected in old-Kakiemon works. These days, works of this kind are primarily for appreciation rather than use, and works of approximately 24.0cm are rare and difficult to obtain compared to works up to approximately 21.0cm.

Peonies are known as the “King of Hundred Flowers” because they are more elegant and luxurious than any other flower. In the works of old-kakiemon from the late 17th century, peonies and phoenixes are a good combination.

You can get a glimpse of the mind boggling handiwork in each depiction of shibagaki. Gosu’s perspective is used to make full use of shading, with the foreground being darker and the back being lighter. Applying delicate shading while applying layers of gosu required not only the high quality of the gosu itself, but also extremely sophisticated techniques that could only be achieved by a handful of highly skilled painters.

The carefully applied iron glaze on the edges tightens the whole thing. The edge of the dish is prone to damage such as scratche and chip, but it is perfect and in extremely good condition.

By incorporating the bisque firing technique, they pursued precise and rigorous modeling with little distortion.

You can see 5 small meato at the bottom. Aiming for chinese porcelain, hizen porcelain became wider at the bottom of its dishes, and in order to prevent the bottom from sagging during firing, a technique was developed to attach a conical support called “Hari” made from the same material as porcelain. The smaller the meato, the better the work, which shows that this work is of high quality.

This is the highest quality wooden box（happo inro box）that we offer.

The interior is finished by a specialized upholsterer. It gives the box a neat appearance and makes it easier to place your work inside it.

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Old-Kakiemon

https://tenpyodo.com/dictionary/old-kakiemon/

Old-kakiemon is a style of imari ware developed in arita, hizen（current saga prefecture）, in the mainly during the Enpo era（1673-81）. Today “Kakiemon” is defined not as exclusive works made by the kakiemon family alone but as a group of works ordered in significant quantities by the Dutch East India Company（VOC）and produced for export by several kilns in hizen arita. The elegant and graceful old-kakiemon, with its exquisite workmanship and delicate painting that makes full use of blank spaces, was especially popular among the porcelains exported in significant quantities by the VOC, and its high class work attracted european royalty and aristocrats. In addition, the warm and soft milky white base called “Nigoshide” accentuated the vividness of painted colors and greatly influenced later european porcelains such as meissen and chantilly. In the old-kakiemon, there are many works with inscriptions called “Uzufuku”. The name for this type of inscription comes from how the designed “Fuku” resembles a whirlpool. Inscriptions such as “Kin（Gold）”, “Inishiebito（Ancient People）” are often found on the finest, superior works. Although old-imari exported during the edo period displayed elegant beauty, the old-kakiemon works still catch people’s eyes and attract their interest even today.

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The Era Establishing the Export Industry Between the VOC and Japan

The east india companies were chartered companies established by european countries in the 17th century（the british in 1600, the dutch in 1602, and the french in 1604）for trade with the orient. The dutch east india company’s monogram, consisting of the initials “VOC”（Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie）, was its emblem, was put on warehouses, coins, cannons, flags, ceramics, etc, to indicate the company’s ownership of products. In addition to spices, its original product of interest, the company also sought porcelain that could not be produced in europe and traded with china. The hard porcelain imported from china was called “White Gold” and was traded as a valuable item, rivaling gold in value. Once vast quantities of porcelain, a luxury item and symbol of wealth, were brought to europe, its beauty deeply impressed europeans, encouraging china to produce even more products. However, due to the civil war following the change between the ming and qing dynasties in the 1640s and policies restricting overseas trade, the quality of porcelain fired in the jingdezhen kiln and other porcelain kilns became inferior, making it almost impossible to buy porcelain products. As a result, the company sought japanese porcelain, which could be produced without interruption, as an alternative. In 1653, japan entered into an export deal with the dutch east india company（VOC）for imari ware. In 1659, japan received a massive order of about 56,700 pieces, ushering in a glamorous era for the export industry in japan. The new feudal system of the tokugawa government beginning to take shape, imari ware was thrust into the limelight of the international market as a product of the nabeshima clan of the saga domain. Because europe demanded identical replacements for chinese porcelain, many early pieces exported imitated the fuyode style and other styles from the late ming dynasty. The large volume of orders from the VOC led to significant technical advances at the hizen arita kilns, and the expanded capacity of these kilns made it possible to produce many jinko tsubo（agarwood jar）. The exported porcelains varied widely in shape. Even considering this, it is clear that the expansion of trade with the VOC contributed to the significant flourishing of imari ware. When the qing dynasty lifted the qian-jie-ling（order blocking maritime traffic and trade）in 1684, exports of chinese porcelain resumed, and from around 1712, exports boomed. Chinese porcelain once again regained its dominant position in the market. As a result, imari ware lost out in market competition with chinese porcelain, which boasted quality, quantity, and low prices. China overwhelmingly outnumbered japan in the total number of porcelain exported through trade with the VOC. The establishment of meissen, the first porcelain kiln in europe, in 1710 contributed to the gradual decline of porcelain exports from asia. The official japanese porcelain trade ended in 1757 with a mere 300 pieces and then was left to private trade by the trading houses.

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Events Related to the VOC

• 1602（Keicho7）：Establishment of the dutch east india company（VOC）.
• 1609（Keicho14）：Establishment of the dutch trading post in hirado.
• 1641（Kanei18）：Relocation of the dutch trading post to dejima, nagasaki.
• 1644（Kanei21）：End of porcelain exports from china to the VOC, following a decline in porcelain exports beginning in about 1640.
• 1650（Keian3）：Beginning of export of porcelain from japan as a replacement for chinese porcelain.
• 1651（Keian4）：Beginning of exports to chinese merchants in addition to dutch merchants, where imari ware was acquired by the dutch and chinese alike.
• 1653（Shoo2）：Signing of export agreement with VOC for imari ware, beginning their export. Records remain of these trades.
• 1659（Manji2）：Beginning of full scale export of blue and white porcelains, including fuyoude, etc., after receiving a large order（approx. 56,700 pieces）of imari ware from the VOC.
• 1661（Kanbun1）：Prohibition of chinese porcelain exports in the qing dynasty following the qian-jie-ling proclamation.
• 1684（Jokyo1）：Resumption of exports of chinese porcelain after the lifting of the qian-jie-ling proclamation.
• 1710（Hoei7）：Establishment of a porcelain factory in meissen, germany.
• The Shotoku era（1711-16）：Tightening of restrictions on foreign trade, leading to a halving of the number of dutch and chinese ships arriving at dejima. Thus, porcelain exports also began to decline.
• 1725（Kyoho10）：Stagnation of trade between japan and the VOC.
• 1757（Horeki7）：End of official porcelain trade after only 300 pieces according to the VOC records, thereafter relegated to private trade by the trading houses.
• 1799（Kansei10）：Dissolution of the VOC.

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Phoenix

The phoenix is an imaginary sacred bird that dwells in paulownia trees, eats bamboo nuts, and drinks spring water. In ancient china, it was revered as one of the “Four Spirits” along with Qilin, Tortoise, and Doragon. It is said to appear as an auspicious sign of the birth of the holy heavenly son, with the front half of its body resembling that of a qilin, its back half a deer, its neck a snake, its tail a fish, its back a turtle, its nod a swallow, its beak a chicken, and its wings. Like a peacock, it is said to have five colors and a noble voice that matches the five tones. It is considered a symbol of marital harmony and is often depicted with paulownia and peonies. In china, the dragon is known as the symbol of the “Emperor” and the phoenix is the symbol of the “Empress”.

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Peony

The Peony was introduced from china during the nara period. It was originally thought to have medicinal properties（pain relief, anti inflammation, blood purification）, but since the tang dynasty, it has been named the “King of Hundred Flowers” because it is more elegant and luxurious than any other flower. It has been the subject of poetry, literature, and paintings since ancient times, and in the heian period it began to be used as a design on costumes. “Peonｙ and Lion” refers to a metaphor that is a good combination. The peony arranged in celadon is the best combination.